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B. July 7, 2008: The CVRA Litigation Is Initiated ........................................236
C. July 2008: Villafaña Prepares and Sends a Victim Notification Letter to Listed Victims.......................................................237
D. July - August 2008: The FBI Sends the Victim Notification Letter to Victims Residing Outside of the United States.......................238
E. August - September 2008: The Federal Court Orders the USAO to Disclose the NPA to Victims, and the USAO Sends a Revised Victim Notification Letter........................................................239
F. 2010 - 2011 : Department and Congressional Actions Regarding Interpretation of the CVRA ........................................................241
G. The CVRA Litigation Proceedings and Current Status .......................242
PART TWO: APPLICABLE STANDARDS ................................................247
I. STATUTORY PROVISIONS ................................................................247
A. The CVRA, 18 U.S.C. § 3771 ........................................................247
B. The Victims' Rights and Restitution Act of 1990 (VRRA), 34 U.S.C. § 20141, Services to Victims (formerly cited as 42 USCA § 10607)..............................................................................248
II. DEPARTMENT POLICY: THE 2005 ATTORNEY GENERAL GUIDELINES FOR VICTIM AND WITNESS ASSISTANCE (2005 GUIDELINES).......................249
III. FLORIDA RULES OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT ................................253
A. FRPC 4-4.1 - Candor in Dealing with Others ....................................253
B. FRPC 4-8.4 - Conduct Prejudicial to the Administration of Justice ........253
PART THREE: ANALYSIS........................................................................255
I. OVERVIEW .....................................................................................255
II. THE SUBJECTS DID NOT VIOLATE A CLEAR AND UNAMBIGUOUS STANDARD BY ENTERING INTO THE NPA WITHOUT CONSULTING THE VICTIMS .............................................................................255
A. At the Time, No Clear and Unambiguous Standard Required the USAO to Notify Victims Regarding Case-Related Events until after the Filing of Criminal Charges......................................................256
B. OPR Did Not Find Evidence Establishing That the Lack of Consultation Was Intended to Silence Victims...............................................258
III. LETTERS SENT TO VICTIMS BY THE FBI WERE NOT FALSE STATEMENTS BUT RISKED MISLEADING VICTIMS ABOUT THE STATUS OF THE FEDERAL INVESTIGATION................................................261
A. The USAO Was Not Responsible for Victim Notification Letters Sent by the FBI in October 2007, January 2008, and May 2008 Describing the Status of the Case as “Under Investigation” ................................262
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